从网点下伸、多种形式办学到撤点并校——徘徊于公平与效率之间的农村义务教育政策

From Extending Teaching to Remote Areas and Running School in Various Forms to Canceling Teaching Centers and Merging Schools-----A trade-off between equity and efficiency of the policy on rural compulsory education

农村义务教育学校布局调整(简称“撤点并校”)政策发端于90年代，在“普九”实施的“贫困地区义务教育工程”中成形，2001年成为国家政策在全国农村实施，2012年被叫停。这一以集中办学和建寄宿制学校为特点的政策，与80年代网点下伸、多种形式办学的普及教育思路恰为对比，体现了两种不同的价值理念和发展模式，教育的天平由保障公平滑向了效率优先。“后撤点并校时代”的农村教育应当汲取80年代教育改革的精髓，重申实事求是的价值，重视因地制宜、多种形式办学，回归平民教育和生活教育，重新启动农村教育综合改革。

The policy on adjusting the layout of rural compulsory schools (known as “canceling teaching centers and merging schools”）originated m the 1990s，took shape while the project of uCompulsory Education m Underdeveloped Regions” was carried out，was launched as a national policy in all rural areas in 2001，and halted m 2012 The policy put a high value on a centralized school layout with boarding schools，m sharp contrast with the policy m the 1980s，which focused on extending teaching to remote areas and running school m various forms. The differences between the two policies represent different values and development models，and reflect a trade-off between equity and efficiency In an era after the “canceling teaching centers and merging schools，，policy was revoked， rural education should absorb the essence of the educational reform in the 1980s，reaffirm the principle of being practical and realistic， and lay stress on running schools in accordance with local conditions and in various forms It should return to mass education and life education，and restart the comprehensive reform of rural education