教育质量与国家经济增长的研究述评——兼论跨越“中等收入陷阱”背景下中国教育发展的启示

A Literature Review on Education Quality and Economic Growth and the Implication for Education Development in China in the Context of Crossing “the Middle-Income Trap”

作为人力资本投资最核心手段，教育在经济增长问题研究中备受关注。随着研究不断细化以及数据库日益完善，国际学者非常重视利用跨国学生测评数据剖析教育质量对国家经济增长的影响，并取得一系列重要结论。跨国样本研究一致发现，教育质量是影响经济增长的关键，忽视质量的教育发展是造成拉美国家经济长期停滞的主要因素，在从中等收入迈向高收人水平的特定阶段，确保青少年获得适应社会需要、充足的知识和技能最为关键，这也是教育充足与公平理念所在。着眼中国跨越“中等收入陷阱”关键时期，必须就“教育质量与国家经济增长”问题进行多维度、多层面的系统研究，找准国家和地区教育发展定位，遵循一定原则和规律稳步提升教育质量，实现人口红利向人才红利转变，保障经济持续稳定增长。

As the key method of human capital investment， education has drawn great attention m economic growth research. As the research becomes more and more specific and enriches the database， international researchers attach great importance to the analysis of the influence of education quality on economic growth by making use of the data from international student assessment Important conclusions were reached* There are consistent findings. Education quality plays a critical role in economic growth The neglect of education quality is the main factor that led to economic stagnation in Latin American countries. At the special stage from middle income to high income level，it is important to make sure that young people gain sufficient knowledge and skills to meet the demand of social development. This is where education adequacy and education equality lie m At the critical stage of crossing “middle-mcome trap”，Chinese scholars should carry out systematic research on the issue of “education quality and economic growth” in multi dimensions and multi facets，find out the accurate orientation of education development，follow certain principles and rules to improve education quality steadily， achieve the transformation from demography ic dividend to talent dividend， and ensure steady and continuous economic growth