英国工党与保守党教育政见的历史变革与多维辨析

Historical and Multidimensional Analysis on educational politics of Labour Party and Conservative Party in UK

二战后的历届英国大选，工党与保守党都分别在各自政党竞选纲领中表达了教育政见。文章选取了两大政党的教育政见作为研究对象。研究认为:（1)二战后历届胜选政党的教育政见总数大体上呈递增走势，1987年之后胜选政党的教育政见数目显著增长，这与当时英国国内结构性失业问题加剧，新科技革命和知识经济对人力资本的时代新需求等因素密切关联;（2)两大政党在幼儿教育券制度、11岁学生考试制度、综合中学制度、大学生助学贷款制度等问题上存在政见分歧，这与它们各自政治意识形态不同有关;（3)二战后英国历次政党轮替前后政党教育政见的一致性程度要远大于冲突性程度，这与两大政党彼此为了争取更多选民支持，而在政治立场上作出适当让步有关。

Labour Party and Conservative Party expressed their own educational politics in the manifestos in every postwar British election. This study focuses on their educational politics. The results are: 1) the total number of educational politics of the victory party was increasing substantially after World War II，the number increased significantly in 1987，which was related to the structural unemployment problem and the new technological revolution and the knowledge economy. 2) there were some different ideas on early childhood education voucher，11 plus examination， comprehensive secondary education，and the loan system of college students between two major political parties because of their different political ideologies. 3) in order to win more supporters， each party made appropriate concessions on its political position，so the degree of consistency was much higher than the degree of conflict between them.