德国实施“博洛尼亚进程”的进展及其存在的争议

The Implementation of Bologna Process and Controversy in Germany

“博洛尼亚进程”从根本上改变了德国的高等教育体系。当前的德国高等教育以三级学位体系为基础。在“博洛尼亚进程”实施的过去10 年中，德国高等教育课程逐渐现代化，也更加以学生学习为中心。在整个课程学习过程中，学分的获得主要依据学习现状及取得的成绩。“博洛尼亚进程”的目标在于促进国际流动，系统的质量保障始终贯穿整个进程之中。本文介绍了德国进程改革的一些关键因素，并通过“博洛尼亚进程”的拥护者与批评者的各自立场，分析了由进程改革而引发的争论。

The Bologna process has fundamentally changed the higher education system in Germany. German higher education is now based on a system of three study cycles. The process of the last ten years implied that curricula have been modernized; the newsystem is meant to be more learning and student- centered. Credit points are intended to give orientation on the status and progress achieved during the whole course of studies. The Bologna process aims at increasing international mobility. The whole process is accompanied by a systematic approach to quality assurance. This article introduces the key elements of the reforms, and presents the controversy over the reform process by presenting the positions of advocates and critics of the Bologna process.