美国学校公民教育课程的三次变革及其启示

Three Reforms of American Social Studies in Primary and Middle Schools and Revelations

美国是世界上最早将社会科作为中小学公民教育科目的国家，迄今已经走过了一百年左右的历程。在长期的发展演变中，美国学校公民教育课程历经了三次影响较大的变革。第一次变革的标志是社会科的初创和确立，也是美国公民教育从分科走向综合化的开始；第二次变革出现在20 世纪60 年代，即所谓“新社会科教育运动”；第三次变革开始于20世纪90 年代的课程标准运动并延续至今，在这场制订全国统一课程标准的浪潮中，美国诞生了有史以来第一个全国性的社会科课程标准，目前，全美社会科课程标准正在修订之中。

America is the first country in the world which has set up social studies in Civic Education in primary and middle schools for about one hundred years. With its developing social studies in U.S. came through three reforms. The first reform is the establishment of social studies and also the beginning from department instruction to integration curriculum. The second reform, which is called The New Social Studies Movement, occurred in 1960s. The third reform took place in mid-1990s, during this period, the United States launched a tide of developing unified national curriculum standards and the first unified American curriculum standard for social studies came into being. The third reform went down to now. America is revising the curriculum standards for social studies.