公平视域下美国义务教育改革的价值诉求分析

Analysis on the Value Reform of Compulsory Education in the U.S. from the Perspective of Equity

公平诉求下的美国义务教育改革反映出不同价值主体在对教育价值认可基础上产生的不同价值观念。在自由主义与保守主义两大思潮影响下，美国联邦政府在对教育资源的配置中反映出平等与效率等不断交互发展的价值诉求。从美国义务教育改革的各项政策举措可知，联邦政府始终是坚持“平等优先，兼顾效率”的价值理念，将“保障平等”视为终极性理想诉求，而将“提升效率”视为阶段性现实追求。

Equity of compulsory education is not only a policy but also a decision-making principle, and values based on approving of different subjects of values. Influenced by neo-conservation and neo-liberalism, U.S. government adjusted the relationship between equality and efficiency in distribution of educational resources. Policies and measures taken in US compulsory education reform show that equality first with efficiency has always been the core value of federal government, which took equality as its ultimate goal and efficiency as periodic pursuit.