英國教育行政機構之變革與分析

Reforms and Innovations of Educational Administrations in UK

英國近10年來的中央與地方行政體系，歷經多次與巨大之機構變革。在地方層級部分，自《2005年教育法》（Education Act 2005）通過後，即把自1902年起就開始運作的「地方教育局」（Local Educational Authorities, LEAs）與兒童服務、健康照護業務整併，以「地方當局」（Local Authority, LA）稱之，並多以「兒童服務處」（Children Service Division）之創新組織（少數冠以「兒童及青少年服務」（Children and Young People Service）名稱行之）辦理地方教育行政工作，除接續原有之地方教育局業務外，亦推動兒童與青少年的福利服務工作。
在中央層級部分，2007年將原有的「教育與技能部」（Department for Education and Skill, DfES）調整為「兒童、學校與家庭部」（Department for Children, Schools and Families, DCSF）與「創新、大學與技能部」（Department for Innovations, Universities and Skills, DIUS），正式確立高等教育的獨立性，且後者組織於2009年更名為「商業、創新與技能部」（Department for Business, Innovations and Skills, DBIS）。2010年則將「兒童、學校與家庭部」更名為「教育部」（Department for Education, DfE），主管中小學與家庭教育。本文即基於此波中央與地方之教育行政組織改革，進行相關之脈絡分析。

For the past ten years, UK has been through many dramatic and systematic changes in educational administration organizations both centrally and locally. In 2005, Local Educational Authorities, established in 1902 and were in charge of local educational affairs, were replaced by Local Authorities with Children Service Division and combine children care doing a whole new educational management. At cabinet level, Department for Education and Skill were replaced by Department for Children, Schools and Families, and Department for Innovations, Universities and Skills in 2007. The later one recently was replaced by Department for Business, Innovations and Skills in 2009. And in 2010 Department for Children, Schools and Families was replace by Department for Education. The above reforms offer a great opportunity for us in terms of the flexibility and autonomy of educational administration. The paper presents the context and the discourse of the reforms via documental and historical analysis.