印度初等教育普及计划（SSA）对弱势群体教育公平的促进及面临的难题

Equity of the Education of Disadvantaged Groups in Universal Elementary Education (SSA) in India and its Dilemma

印度初等教育普及计划也称SSA 计划，是印度政府开展的旨在推动小学教育义务教育普及和质量提高的运动。这场运动同样将促进弱势群体教育公平作为主要目标之一。为此，SSA 计划采取了建立临时教育机构、实施女童特殊教育计划、实行全纳教育、推行反歧视行动细则等措施来弥合印度存在的性别上以及不同社会阶层的教育差距。十年来，SSA计划在入学人数的提高、性别差距以及基础设施的改善等方面取得了一定的成绩，但是，社会阶层、城乡和地区的教育差距状况依然严峻。总体而言，弱势群体整体的教育状况并没有得到改善，辍学率高、教育质量低依旧是弱势群体两大难题。

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan(SSA) is a comprehensive and integrated flagship program of the Government of India, to attain Universal Elementary Education and improve quality in the country. Achieving equity of the education of Disadvantaged groups is one of the aims of this Movement. To bridge the gaps of gender and social category in enrolment, retention and learning, SSA has carried out some measures, such as founding temporary education institutions, Program for education of Girls, inclusive education and affirmative action. In last ten years, some progress have been achieved in enrollment, gender gaps bridging and infrastructure improving, but gaps in social category and gaps of education between rural and urban areas are still very rigorous. In a word, the whole scene of Disadvantaged groups' education is not changed significantly.