均衡发展视野下的日本义务教育学校标准化研究

Study on the Standardized Schools for Japanese Compulsory Education in the Perspective of Balanced Development

义务教育学校标准化建设是实现教育均衡发展的基础。日本的义务教育标准化建设经历了以硬件均衡为内容的资本主义工业化时期、以软件均衡为特征的经济增长期以及以个性化发展为目标的经济全球化时期三个阶段。在不同的发展阶段,日本义务教育学校标准化建设由政府行政指导转变为法制化轨道,在硬件和软件均衡后追求特色和差异化发展,同时教师流动的保障体系不断健全与完善。

The construction of standardized schools for compulsory education is the basis of balanced development of education. The standards for compulsory education in Japan have gone through the following three development stages:capitalist industrialization period taken hardware equality as the main contents;economic growth period characterized of software equality;and economic globalization period aiming at individual development. During the different development stages,the construction of standardized schools for compulsory education in Japan have shifted from government administrative guidance to legislation,pursuing the development of characteristics and differences after the achievement of balance in hardware and software,and at the same time,the ensuring mechanism of teachers' mobility is continuously improved and perfected.