美国中小学课外教育质量保障机制与启示

Quality Assurance Mechanism of Afterschool Programs in the United States and Its Implications

中小学生课外教育是正规学校教育的重要补充,健康、规范、有序的课外教育对青少年成长及社会发展意义深远。美国中小学课外教育质量保障机制主要有如下举措:联邦、州、地方三级政府通过立法和项目资助予以支持,确保课外教育的制度化和经常化;官方和民间组织通过互联网平台及时公布政策、发布数据、提供指南;设立中小学课外教育执照标准对课外教育进行规范;建立认证标准及评估体系促进课外教育不断提高质量。反思我国当前课外教育实践,我国应尽快完善课外教育拨款制度及探索多元资助模式、增强政府服务功能、健全课外教育评估制度、加强课外教育研究。

Afterschool program is an indispensable supplement to school education. The healthy and orderly development of afterschool program is essential to youth development and wellbeing of the society. This article introduces the quality assurance mechanism of afterschool programs in the United States:governments at federal, state and local levels enact laws to protect afterschool education as well as provide financial support to afterschool education through a variety of programs;government and non-government organizations provide valuable information including laws and regulations,research report and guidance and suggestions concerning afterschool program;require afterschool program to be licensed to ensure its quality;establish accreditation and evaluation system to promote improvement of afterschool program. Accordingly,this article makes suggestion that China needs to make efforts to improve financial policy,government service,evaluation system,and research to ensure afterschool program quality.