政府在高等教育入学机会分配中的角色厘定──国际比较的视角

The Roles of Government in Higher Education Access Opportunity Distribution: An International Comparative Perspective

在现代社会, 高等教育越来越被看作是推进社会平等的工具, 保障高等教育入学机会公平是政府的基本责任。本文从国际比较的视角, 分析了政府在高等教育入学机会分配中的三种角色:标准制定者,供给者以及资助和补偿者。同时指出, 由于各国政治、经济、文化以及历史传统不同, 各国政府在高等教育机会分配中的角色既有一般性, 也有特殊性。在此基础上, 从改革和完善高校招生考试方式, 加快高等教育结构体系调整, 完善学生资助体系等方面, 对我国政府推进高等教育公平提出了建议。

Nowadays, higher education is playing a key role in promoting social equity and government's fundamental responsibility is to ensure equity of higher education opportunity. This paper analyzes three roles that government assumes in higher education access opportunity distribution from an international comparative perspective, i.e. criteria maker, sponsor and compensator. However, in different country, the government's role presents diversified aspects due to respective political and economic system, history and cultural tradition, etc. Meanwhile, this paper puts forward some suggestions on the promotion of education equity, including improving university's entrance examination and admission policy, further adjusting higher education structure and improving the student funding system.