转学对学生成绩的影响：来自中国西部农村的证据

The Impact of School Transfers on Students' Academic Achievements: Evidence from the Rural Area of Western China

与中国城市学生为获得更好的教育而转学所不同的是，中国农村地区学生的转学部分是因为外生因素所致，特别是学校布局调整政策实施过程中的学校合并，因此研究转学对学生成绩的影响具有重要政策意义。国外研究表明，多数情况下转学对学生成绩有不利影响，而国内几乎没有相关研究。使用BEWAMS数据研究西部农村小学生转学行为对成绩的影响，在控制了学生个体特征、家庭背景、学校质量等因素后发现，转学总体上对成绩有显着的负面影响。此外，转学对家庭社会经济地位较低的学生影响更大：转学年级越低，或从教学点转学，这种负效应也较大。研究进一步揭示了转学对成绩产生影响的机制在很大程度上源于学生的适应性，学生适应性的提高可以显着降低转学对成绩的负效应。

Different from the switching school to pursue better education services in China's urban area, most school transfers in rural area are induced by exogenous factors, especially by school consolidation in the implementation of school rationalization policy. Therefore, the study of the impact of school reasfers on students' academic achievement is significantly important in terms of policy. Previously studies abroad indicate the negative effect of transfers in students' academic achievement; however, little research has been done in China. Using the dataset from BEWAMS, the authors analyzed the impact of school transfers on students' academic achievement in the rural area of Western China. By controlling other possible factors, such as students' personal traits, family background and school quality, the study shows that school transfers by the large have negative effect on students' achievement. Besides, the students from family of lower social economics status (SES), from lower grade or from teaching points tend to be more negatively influenced by school transfer. Furthermore, the study shows that the mechanism of the transfer influence, to a large extent, originates from students' adaptability, the improvement of which could significantly reduce the negative influence of school transfer on students' academic achievement.