新学科的兴与衰：解读日本中小学“综合学习时间”

The Rise and Decline of A New Discipline: An Interpretation of Integrative Studies in Japanese Primary and Middle Schools

一个新学科的产生是复杂的社会和政治的历程。“综合学习时间”作为始于20世纪90年代的日本课程改革的重要举措之一，既被寄予厚望，同时又饱受质疑和批评。在日本政府2008年修订的《学习指导要领》中，“综合学习时间”虽然得以保留，但是其课时已经大幅减少。它的调整一定程度上反映了新自由主义教育改革思潮在面对困境时的反思与纠正。

The emergence of a new discipline is a complex social and political process. As one of the important curriculum reforms initiated in the 1990s in Japan, integrative studies, on the one hand, has been placed high expectations; on the other hand, it has been strong quststioned and criticized. Although integrative studies is still included in the Curriculum Guideline amended by Japanese Government in 2008, the class hours are significantly reduced. This adjustment to some extent reflects the self-examination and correction of Neoliberalism on educational reforms when it is in difficult position.