文化资本理论视阈中的教育公平研究——皮埃尔‧布迪厄的教育社会学思想摭拾

The Study of Education Equity in the Perspective of Cultural Capital Theory: Some Thoughts from Pierre Bourdieu's Sociology of Education

文化资本理论是布迪厄教育社会学思想的重要组成部分。文化资本理论认为，相对于经济资本和社会资本而言，通过家庭所传递的文化资本具有资本继承性的最佳的隐蔽方式，是一种最隐蔽、最具社会决定意义的教育投资。文化资本与学校教育之间存在着一种相互影响、相互促进、相辅相成的关系。一方面，受教育者在教育行为中所获得的学术收益，极大地依赖于家庭预先投资所积累的文化资本；另一方面，文化资本又以教育资格的形式被制度化，教育制度通过承认文化资本的世袭性传递而进一步扩大了不同社会阶层在文化资本方面的差异，从而极大地推动和促进了对既存社会阶级和社会结构的再生产过程。

Cultural capital theory is an important part of Pierre Bourdieu's sociology of education. Cultural capital theory states that, compared with economic capital and social capital, the cultural capital transmitted through the family has the best hidden way for capital inheritance; it is one of the most hidden and socially decisive education investment. Cultural capital and school education are complementary, mutually influenced and promoted. On the one hand, the academic benefit from the educational behavior greatly depends on the family investment of accumulated cultural capital in advance. On the other hand, cultural capital is institutionalized in the form of educational qualifications; and education institution further widens the disparity in cultural capital between the social classes through the recognition of the hereditary transmission of cultural capital, by which it significantly has promoted the reproduction of the pre-existing social class and social structure.