道爾頓方案理念及其在中國東南大學附屬中學的實驗

The Ideas of the Dalton Plan and the Experiment at the Affiliated High School of Southeast University in China

1920年，帕克赫斯特於美國麻薩諸塞州道爾頓鎮中學，正式實施道爾頓方案。這個新教學方案結合了蒙特梭利和杒威的教育理念，強調自由與合作，以兒童為主的學習契約活動，是落實個別化教學理念的重要範例。它不僅是美國教育史上，進步主義新教育運動中教學制度的重要變革之一，也因帕克赫斯特的重要著作《道爾頓教育方案》，被翻譯成十九種世界各國的語文，並被推廣到英國、日本、中國等地，對當代新教育理念有重要的影響。本文除詳細說明道爾頓方案的起源、發展與重要理念之外，並以中國的東南大學附屬中學為例，探究中國進行該實驗的概況，藉以省思引進國外教育方案推動教育改革之相關問題。

The Dalton Laboratory Plan was proposed by Helen Parkhurst, put into practice officially in Dalton High School in Massachusetts in 1920. This plan was integrated with the educational ideas of Maria Montessori and John Dewey, and emphasized the importance of freedom and cooperation and the learning should be based on giving the priority to children. Therefore, it is the most important model to carry out the idea of individualizing education. It not only was the most significant transformation about the new educational movement in Educational Progressivism in American education history, but also had deep and far impact on other countries. One of the most important publications, Education on the Dalton Plan, had been translated into 19 different languages. This plan was also practiced in the UK, Japan, and China, and was considered a vital idea of new education on contemporary issues in education. In this article, what was the idea of the Dalton Laboratory Plan from and how the plan was developed will be investigated comprehensively. Furthermore, the practice in the Affiliated High School of Southeast University will be used as an example to explore what happened after conducting this plan in China. The experience will be used to reconsider our new educational policy and how to perform educational reformation in our country is highly suggested.