高校教师开放课程资源的相关因素研究

Study of the Factors Related to the Openness of the Faculty's Courses

美国麻省理工学院首创的开放课程运动丰富了因特网上的优质开放教育资源，促进了全球高等教育发展。在开放课程建设中，高校教师是课程资源的提供者，是开放课程项目成功的关键。本研究的目的是探讨影响高校教师自愿开放课程资源的相关因素。根据创新扩散理论，创新的属性影响创新扩散的速度。本文选取创新的四种属性即相对优势、相容性、复杂性和可观察性，研究教师对创新的四种属性的认知是否与教师开放课程资源相关。本文使用问卷调查法，选取部分北京大学教师为研究对象。研究发现:大部分被调查教师认可开放课程的相对优势;教师对开放课程相容性的认知与教师开放课程的情况相关;教师对开放课程复杂性的认知越低，越趋向于开放课程资源。根据这些研究结果，本文针对高校鼓励教师课程开放提出一些建议，包括宣传开放课程的相对优势，提高教师对课程资源上网的需求，降低开放课程的复杂性等。

Initiated by MIT, OpenCourseWare (OCW) Movement promotes the sharing of high-quality open educational resources on the Internet and encourages the development of higher education worldwide. Higher-educational faculty are the provider of these course materials, and they are the key to the success of the OCW project. The goal of the paper is to explore some of the factors related to the openness of the these course material. According to the innovation diffusion theory, the characteristics of the innovation affect the speed of innovation diffusion. The paper selects four characteristics of the innovation, which are the relative superiority, compatibility, complexity, and observability, and then it studies if faculty’s perceptions of the four characteristics of OCW as an innovation are related to the openness of their courses. This study surveyed selected faculty from Beijing University. The major findings are as the followings: a) the majority of the faculty recognizes the relative superiority of OCW; b) their perception of the compatibility of OCW is related to the openness of their courses; c) the lower the faculty’s perception of the complexity of OCW, the more open their courses are. Based on these findings, the paper proposes how universities in China can encourage their faculty to open their courses, such as disseminating the relative superiority of OCW, improving faculty demand of online curriculum, and reducing the complexity of the opening of their courses.