英國教育行政制度之檢視   免費試閱

A Review on the Education Administrative System in the United Kingdom

英國之全名為「大不列顛與北愛爾蘭聯合王國」（The United Kingdomof Great Britain and Northern Ireland），涵蓋英格蘭、威爾斯、蘇格蘭與北愛爾蘭等四地區。有鑑於英國在1999年後實施地方分權，此四地區的學制與教育行政制度各異，本研究除有關英國政府組織行政體系及學制之說明，盡可能以整體英國為範圍外，有關教育行政制度之探討將聚焦於英格蘭地區。
本研究共分五小節，首先在前言中先分析英國社會、政治與經濟環境，第二小節簡扼說明英國學制改革發展沿革與現況，在第三小節剖析英國（英格蘭）教育行政制度之發展與現況後，第四小節將英國教育行政制度特色作一歸納分析，並於第五小節作簡扼的結語。
大體上，英國教育行政制度之特色可包括：一、英國教育行政制度有地區上的明顯差異；二、英國教育行政制度之改革彈性極大，且深受政黨意識型態之影響；三、英格蘭地方教育行政組織之變革與其他體系組織之改革相互關聯，角色重新定位；四、英國教育行政制度為強調經營績效，已朝向組織精簡方向發展；五、英國中央、地方教育行政機關間強調以維持夥伴關係為主。

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) has a unitary system of government, but after the devolution in 1999, the UK central government has given certain powers to devolved governments, so that the governments in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland can make decisions for their own areas. This paper aims to analyse the education administrative system in the UK as a whole, but due to the great differences exist among the four areas: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, after explaining the school system in the four areas, this paper will focus on the exploration of education administration at both central and local levels in the area of England mainly.
This paper is divided into five sections. After starting with an introduction of social, political and economic backgrounds, this paper tries to briefly explain the reform of school system and current provisions at all levels of education in the UK. The focus of the third section is on the exploration of education administration in England at both central and local levels. Then the paper tries to summarise the special features of education administration in the UK in the fourth section, and a brief conclusion is given in the final section.
In short, the special features of education administration in the UK include: 1. There are great differences in the education administration among four areas due to the devolution; 2. There is a considerable degree of flexibility in the reform of education administration, and its reforms are often affected by the different political ideologies among different political parties; 3.The reformed local authorities in England play a different role from the former local education authorities, they have a wide range of powers and duties, and are responsible for all day-to-day services and local matters, in addition to education; 4. The reorganization of education administration in the UK has been moving towards a more simplified system by taking the accountability into consideration; and 5. The partnership relationship exists between the central and local governments, as well as schools and other education institutions in the UK.