关于技术促进学习的五定律

Five Laws of Technology-enhanced Learning

本文首先将学习情景定义为"对一个或一系列学习事件或学习活动的综合描述"，学习情景包含学习时间、学习地点、学习伙伴、学习活动四个要素，而作为学习情景核心的学习活动，包含学习任务、学习方法与评价要求三个基本组成部分；其次，按照学习情景组成要素的或缺程度，将典型情景分为课堂听讲、个人自学、研讨性学习、边做边学与基于工作的学习等五大类型；第三，将有效学习活动定义为"学习者在预期的时间内完成学习任务、达到学习目标的过程"，并阐释了有效学习活动的五个条件为:以真实问题为起点，以学习兴趣／意愿为动力，以学习活动的体验为外显行为，以分析性思考为内隐行为，以指导、反馈为外部支持；最后提出为实施有效学习活动，利用技术促进学习需要满足数字化学习资源、虚拟学习社区、学习管理系统、设计者心理、学习者心理等五个定律，即TEL五定律。

The paper first defines a learning scenario as"a comprehensive description of one or a series of learning events or learning activities. "Such a scenario emcompasses four compelling components: time, place, peers, and activities. As the core of a learning scenario, learning activities are basically composed of learning tasks, methods, and evaluation requirements. Then, it catergorizes a typical learning scenario into five categories: classroom instruction, individual self-regulated learning, enquiry learning, learning by doing, and task-based learning. Next, it gives a definition of effective learning activity as " a process of learners' completing learning tasks and fulfilling learning objectives within a given time period . "Meanwhile, it expounds the five conditions of effective learning activity: (1) authentic problems; (2) learning interest/ willingness; (3) experiencing on learning activities; (4) analytical thinking; (5) helpful guidance and instant feedback. Finally, it proposes that the five laws of technology enhanced learning (TEL), which are in dimensions of digital learning resources, vitual learning communities, learning management system, imagination of designer, and imagination of learner, must be met in order to carry out effective learning activities and take advantage of technologies to enhance learning.