卓越與均等的難題：談十二年國教高中職的特色招生

The Dilemma between Excellent and Equality: Discussing the Featured Recruitment of Senior High and Vocational High Schools in 12-year Compulsory Education

目前國家最重要的教育政策，當屬自1983年開始規劃、歷任12任教育部長、已開始啟動的十二年國民基本教育，而其中最引人注目的就是未來高中職入學方案的規劃，尤其是超額比序和特色招生兩部分。本研究首先敘述政策推動的目的和挑戰，以及入學方式。其次，說明特色招生、特色課程、特色學校與人才培育的關係。再者，聚焦在特色招生的政策規劃，及其面臨的六大難題，分別是：一、特色招生的目的真的是為了建立學校特色提供學生適性選擇嗎？二、特色招生會不會讓學生提早分流呢？三、特色招生是緩衝機制，未來比率真的能降低嗎？四、特色課程能擺脫大學入學考試的方向嗎？五、特色招生會不會讓學校有資源過度集中的疑慮呢？六、特色招生明則給予學生選擇權，會不會實則懲罰選擇的學生？最後，研究提出建議，包括未來應增加核定特色招生校數，並考慮區域分布，讓「明星學校分散化」，每校特色招生名額並應限制在50%以下，才能做為緩衝機制。而特色招生如何結合特色課程，發展成特色學校，應列入特色招生申請計畫書，做為審查項目，且各校應提供一定比率做為第二次免試入學名額，以免懲罰參加特色招生之學生。

12-year compulsory education, the most important educational policy nowadays, being planned since 1983, after 12 Ministers of Education, now has been carrying out. The most noticeable part is the plan of senior high school admission program for students, especially about the entrance system of comparing the ranking and featured recruitment of schools. This article will start from the goal, challenge and the ways of entrance of the policy, introducing the relationship between featured recruitment of schools, school featured curriculum, featured school and the relationship with personnel training and development. Then, we focus on the policy planning and challenge that focusing on. First of all, is featured recruitment of schools really to establish specialist school and to provide alternative opportunity for student? Secondly, may students track earlier in their cheer caused by the featured recruitment of schools? Third, featured recruitment of schools is a buffering mechanism. Could the ratio be reduce in the future? Fourth, could school featured curriculum break away from the content of college entrance examination? Fifth, is there any possibility for the doubt of over concentrative resources among schools caused by featured recruitment of schools? Last one, would the policy of featured recruitment of schools seemingly offers the right of choice to students, actually punishing those who choose the recruitment. We give advices at the end of the research: increasing certified the number of featured recruitment of schools, considering their spreading, diversifying elite schools, and limiting the number of recruitment of featured schools to 50% as the buffering mechanisms. As items being investigated, how we combine school featured curriculum with featured recruitment of schools and developing them into featured school are included in the plan of recruitment of featured schools. Moreover, each school should release certain rate of entering numbers for second time open admission in case of punishing those who choose the featured recruitment of schools.