美國特色學校的教育魅力：十二年國民教育機會的例示

The Educational Attractiveness of Charter Schools in United State of America-The Examples of Opportunities for The Policy of Twelve-Year National Education

特色學校已經成為敦促教育進步的重要途徑。美國特色學校經營強調自主創新的歷程，催化學校教育獨特面向的品質，擴大家長公共選擇的動機，可以啟發我國十二年國民教育的機會。就當前十二年國民教育的爭議之一，大眾幾乎專注於誰能就讀傳統明星學校，實是阻礙教育改革的力量。而特色學校應強化教育魅力，會擴大家長進行公共選擇的動機與行動，增進教育的品質，以利培養學生的基本能力。經由文獻討論，發現特色學校經教育魅力的特質，宜建立多樣整合、市場利基與實心創新的課程目；特色學校教育魅力生成的策略規劃，宜強調公平、自願與民主的原則；特色學校教育魅力的深耕，宜強化賦權化、活性化與契約化的變革歷程；特色學校教育魅力的拓展，宜強化合作、效益與品牌的驚豔效力。據此，計畫負責人宜進行論述倫理的策略規劃，以及學校領導人宜激勵文化轉型的願景實踐，催化特色學校的驚豔效力，擴充學校的社會認同度，不斷拓展教育魅力，將有助於擴大十二年國民教育的機會。最後依此對於十二年國民教育推動的特色學校經營提出建議，包括：一、建置專業團隊；二、創造教育的魅力；三、吸引家長的關注；四、強化特色學校的永續發展。

Charter schools are able to drive educational improvement. Charter schools emphasize the processes of automatic creativity to facilitate educational quality in alternative schools in United State of America, which is able to imply the opportunities of twelve-years national education in Taiwan. Now, the government in Taiwan is going to promote educational reforms of twelve years, national education. However, the policy has caused the debate of educational inequality, which makes parents focus on which good schools students can choose. Also, the traditional good schools have not so much quota of students who can learn in the traditional schools through charter entrance. The traditional values in education may control the direction of educational reforms and create some crises. However, if charter schools can encourage the pursuit of educational attractiveness, their characteristics can expand the motivations of public choice for parents which produce magnet effects of alternative schools. These mechanisms provide equal learning opportunity with different grounds, students. Through literature review, charter schools can pursue educational attractiveness through curricula purposes of diverse integration, marketing niche, and authentic creativity. Then, the attractiveness of charter schools are derived from the principles of equity, voluntary, and democracy by strategic plans. The Cultivation of the educational attractiveness of charter schools should enhance the changing process of the empowerment, activation teaching and contractarianism. Also, the development of the attractiveness of charter schools should enhance the marvelous efficacy of cooperation, utilities, and brands. Based on discussions, the program,s masters have to focus on the strategic plans based on discourse ethics. In order to implement the strategic plans effectively, school leaders have to encourage the envisioned leadership of cultural transformation. As a result, charter schools have to achieve marvelous effectiveness to make the sustainable development of their characteristics. The philosophy of charter schools can provide parents with alternative schools, which can expand the successful opportunities of twelve-years national education in Taiwan. Eventually, the paper provide people with suggestions for charter schools toward twelve years, national education, including: (1)build professional teams; (2)create educational attractiveness; (3)cohere parents, concerns; (4) facilitate sustainable development for charter schools.