通识教育的知识中心倾向及新通识教育模式初探

Knowledge Centeredness of Current General Education and A New General Education Approach

通识教育已经成为当下中国高等教育理论界和实践中的一大热点。无论通识教育理论的争议，还是实践中的变革，都具有明显的知识本位和学科中心特色。这种知识中心的通识教育思维模式具有如下缺陷：忽略了学习内容和现实问题以及学生个人经验的联系；欠缺对知识内部统一性和沟通性的思考；逐渐远离通识教育的目标。导致这种知识本位通识教育思维模式的认识论根源在于我们将知识世界和生活世界对立起来。因此，我们需要一种重新组织教育经验的逻辑：从生活世界出发而不是从固定的学科知识出发。在借鉴PBL 教育思想的基础上，本文提出了一个新的通识教育课程模式。

General education has already become a hotspot for both researchers and practitioners in Chinese higher education field. Through a careful investigation of current general education theory and practice, the author makes the argument that both the discussion on general education and the practice about general education classify themselves as being knowledge-centered. This general education model potentially ignores the connection among learning content, real life situation and students' experience, lacks the consideration about internal knowledge unity and connectivity between different subjects, and thus gradually deviates from the realization of general education aims. Knowledge centeredness of general education epistemologically lies in that knowledge and life world (action) are separated. Therefore, educational experience needs to be reorganized based on life world rather than a set of fixed knowledge or subjects. Afterwards, a new way of developing general education program based on the principle of PBL is proposed.