美国校园警察的状况

On Campus Police in America in Recent Thirty Years

近30 年来，美国制定了越来越多的规范校园警察的州法律，使用“警察局”名称的校园执法机构数量显著增加；校园执法机构一般向学校主管而不是向建筑物负责人汇报工作。对校园警察专业能力的要求呈现多样性特征，管理者任前的监管经验、年龄和任期要求有所提高。有更多的校园警察机构被授予正式警察权，管辖权遍及全州；招聘程序的精细化、年度在职培训的强制性、更加完备的灾难应急计划和反恐预案是制度完善的表现。

In the past thirty years America has formulated more and more state laws to regulate campus police agencies naming as “Police Department”. The campus law enforcement agencies generally report their work to school authority rather than to the director of buildings and grounds. The professional competence requirements of campus police also show the diversity of characteristics. For example, the requirements on managers' former supervision experience, age and tenure in office increase slightly. In addition, the more campus police agencies are granted official police power, having the jurisdiction power over the whole state. The changes of campus police system also include more elaborated recruitment procedures, and higher level of mandatory annual in-service training, more complete disaster emergency plan and anti-terrorism readiness.