德国公立高校法律身份变化与公法财团法人改革——基于法律文本的分析

Legal Identity Change and Public-law Foundation Reform of German Public University——Analysis on the Legal Texts

当前德国公立高等学校的法律身份呈四种变化类型。在保持公立高校公益性的前提下，黑森州法兰克福公法财团法人大学改革不仅实现了包括接受捐赠、国家认可和享有独立权利能力在内的组织革新，而且使高校更具筹资的主动性、组织的开放性和管理的自主性。改革的可能影响在于：淡化公立高校的“国家机构”身份，“财团法人”身份成为一种明确的法律存在形式；仍然坚持公法思路，高校的“公私合流”趋势尚不明晰；强化政府对公立高校的捐助支持，改革的可持续性以及可推广性却有待观察；增强了高等学校的自身责任，高校履行自身责任的能力则尚难料断。

Current legal identity change of the German public university consists of four types. Under the premise of keeping the commonweal of public university unchanged, the Public-law Foundation Reform in Goethe University Frankfurt has not only realized organizational renewal including accepting donations, national recognition and independent legal capacity, but also with more financing initiative, organization's openness and autonomy in the management of public university. Possible consequences of the reform are that the public university's identity of incorporated foundation has become an explicit form of lawful existence, with its state institution identity fading away; that public-law path is still being held on and the tendency to public-private amalgamation is still not clear; that government support by donation for the public university will be strengthened, of which the sustainability and extensibility remain to be seen yet; that the university's own responsibility will be enhanced, but it is still difficult to ascertain its capability of fulfilling responsibility.