美国学术职业流动行为和影响因素研究述评

A Review of the Researches on Faculty Turnover Behavior in the United States and Its Influencing Factors

本文阐述了美国学术职业流动行为的定义，总结了对其造成影响的相关因素，包括组织文化、工作满意度和工作表现。研究结果表明改善高校组织文化与提高高校教师工作满意度有助於高校教师留任，但是现任薪酬的不足会促使高校教师流动。工作时间为高校教师流动与否的影响因素之一，然而研究经费所造成的影响不大。

The purpose of this study is to review the researches on faculty turnover behavior in the United States. This paper first presents the definition of faculty turnover behavior. Then it discusses the factors that affect faculty turnover behavior, including organizational culture, satisfaction, and professional characteristics. The results of the study show that improvement of organizational culture and enhancement of job satisfaction help to retain faculty, while low salary contributes to faculty turnover. In addition, working time is also an important factor, but the effect of insufficient research funding is not significant.