影响学生学习素养的环境因素测评：PISA 的框架、内容及政策影响

The Conceptual Framework, Coverage, and Policy Impact of PISA Context Questionnaire

PISA作为国际上最具影响的大型教育评估项目，在考察学生学习素养的同时，对与学生发展相关的环境因素也进行了系统的测查。它构建了与项目目的一致的环境因素测评框架，建立了科学系统的问卷研发流程，在每轮测评中，保证综合评估内容与指向政策热点问题的专题评估内容间的平衡。其测评结果对德国、美国等诸多国家的教育政策产生了重要影响。这些经验为开展我国教育质量监测与评估中的环境因素测评提供了有益的启示。

As one of the most famous large- scale educational assessments, PISA not only assesses student literacy, but also collects the contextual data on student, family and institutional factors that can help to explain differences in performance. It develops the conceptual framework around the measurement goals, builds a scientific and systematic process to develop the context questionnaire, and ensures a balance between the information measured in each cycle and the information measured in more detail in one cycle that related to the policy. PISA has a great impact on the education policy of many governments, like Germany and the United States. Its experiences give us some important inspiration to develop the context questionnaires in the assessment of education quality.