行動後反思在學校組織之應用探究

An Exploratory Study of After Action Review Applied to School Organizations

為了因應世界性的學習競爭及知識經濟時代的衝擊，各國政府開始不斷地提倡學習的重要性，學習己經成為社會發展的重要基礎。在此趨勢下，學習方法的運用對於個人與組織的學習更是重要。因此本文主要探討AAR學習方法在學校組織的應用，首先，介紹AAR的基本概念，包括：關鍵要項、流程、特徵與適用範圍…等。並說明AAR實施前的準備工作，包含：前置工作、注意事項。在前置工作方面，對於引導者的要求、地點的取決、目標設定與過程的演練均需確實安排：而和諧氣氛的營造、開放互信關係的引導與持續的記錄觀察亦是重要的注意事項。AAR的執行階段包括：計畫、準備、引導與後續等四個階段。其次，探討AAR的省思內容，包括：省思議題與省思形式兩個部份。AAR的省思議題為：(1)在活動或事件過程中發生了什麼？(2)如何發生的？(3)為何會發生？(4)我們從中學到了什麼？。最後論述AAR應用於學校組織的方法與策略，以瞭解AAR的學習方法在學校組織中的應用面向與價值。

In order to respond to the global competition in learning and the impact of the era of knowledge economy， every country's government proceeds to promote the importance of learning continuously. Learning has become the important basis for social development. Under such a trend， the applications of learning methods will be more important to personal and organizational learning. Therefore， this paper is to explore the applications of the AAR learning method in school organizations. First， the basic concept of AAR is introduced， including key enablers， procedures， characteristics， and applicable scope and so on. Also， the preparative work prior to the implementation of AAR is explained， including pre-processing work and notice items. In terms of pre-processing work， precise arrangements are required for instructor requirements， location selection， target setting and process drilling. Besides， building a harmonious atmosphere， conducting an open and mutually-trusty relationship， and having continual records and observations are also important notice items. The four implementation phases of AAR include Planning， Preparation， Conduct and Follow-up. Secondly， the content of action review in AAR is explored， including the two aspects-the issues of action review and the forms of action review. The issues of action review in AAR are: (1) What happened during the process of an activity or an event? (2) How did it happen? (3) Why did it happen? (4) What have we learned from it? Finally， the methods and strategies for the AAR applied to school organizations are discussed， so as to understand the application dimensions and values of the AAR learning method in school organizations.