试论父母教育权的边界与内容

Boundary and Content of Parents Rights on Educating Their Children

在家庭中,父母具有教育子女的自然道德基础。基于一定的信念和价值观,父母在有关子女教育方面具有总括性权能,但这种总括性权能并不意味着父母教育权就是绝对的、无条件的,而是有限制条件和范围的。父母在多大程度上可以合理地对子女(特别是未成年儿童)的信仰、态度、价值观、行为以及未来发展等方面施加家庭教育影响,其最高的价值标准就是看是否符合子女的最大利益。谁有权来决定某一行为或决定是否符合"儿童的最大利益",换言之,如何确保"儿童"的最大利益是"儿童本人"的,而不是"父母"的,其判断标准就在《儿童权利公约》所确立的各种权利之中。

Parents have natural moral foundation of educating their children in the family. Based on certain beliefs and values, parents have comprehensive right of educating their children, however, the comprehensivity does not mean that the right is absolute and unconditional. Instead it is conditional and limited. To what extent parents exert the influence on the belief, attitude, value, behavior and career development of their children, espeicially minors, depends on whether they satisfies the optimal interest of their children, especially minors, depends on whether they satisfies the optimal interest of their children. Who decides whether parents' behaviors meet the optimal interest of their children? In other word, who ensures that the optimal interest is of children rather than of their parents. The answer lies in the rights designated by Convention on the Rights of the Child.