达尔文与上帝的较量—从进化论进出美国教科书看知识准入教科书过程中的博弈

The Practice and Evaluation of English Education Reform In Japanese Primary School

在达尔文进化论究竟要不要进入教科书的世纪之争背后，折射出的却是知识准入教科书的复杂博弈过程。教科书的形成既不是对知识进行客观筛选的结果，也不是由支配集团单向独断、单方建构的过程，而是不同利益群体争相在教科书中获得话语权的博弈，其间充满了斗争与冲突，控制与反抗。最终，教科书的诞生，就是不同利益群体多次博弈后"妥协"的结果。但"妥协"总是暂时的，"妥协"终究会打破，因而有关进化论是否进入教科书的争论也就持续了近一个世纪之久，并且还将继续下去。

Starting from 2011, "English Activities" has become compulsory for 5th and 6th Grade in Japanese primary school, which symbolizes English language has formally become a part of the primary education. Through the analysis of this plan's full implementation since 2002, we can find various features in the instructional objectives, teaching material and methodology. There're different kinds of evaluations from all quarters of society. The clear instructional objectives, effective teacher team and systematic teaching are all worthy of our reference.