通达民主生长之个性发展——杜威关于儿童个体发展的教育思想解析

Individuality Development in Advancing the Growth of Democracy--On Child Individual Development of Dewey's Educational Thought

个体发展论思想始终贯穿在杜威教育理论建构与实践探究历程中。杜威教育思想中的儿童 个体发展论是建立在其过程性与辩证性的“经验人”人性假设之上，与此相应，杜威认为儿童个体是作 为整体而存在，且儿童个体发展是经验改造中个性之自由生长过程。这种个人发展论影响了杜威对儿童 个体、教育与社会关系的看法，他认为在一定社会中，通过教育通达儿童个性生长之旨趣在于民主发 展。

The concept of individual development from John Dewey is impenetrate in his education theory and practices. His individual development concept is based on the dynamic and dialectic "experience man" hypothesis of humanity, which considers child individual being as whole and its development as the free growth of personality from the reconstruction of experience. John Dewey's individual development concept affects his ideas of child individual, education and social, leading to democracy development as the purport of child individual growth.