科学规范的理论辨析——从学院科学到后学院科学时代

Theoretical Analysis of Scientific Norms——From Academic to Post-academic Science

从学院时代到后学院时代，知识生产模式、知识功能发生了演变和扩展，科学规范的认识论价值也发生了变化。默顿规范的普遍主义、公有主义、无私利性和有组织的怀疑态度受到了挑战。后学院科学与社会、环境的关系日益紧密和复杂，需要以自然主义的角度来审视科学规范的适用性，通过规范体系和监管机制来约束和激励研究者的行为，逐步营造和鼓励公平与公正性竞争的研究环境，确保科研诚信。

From academic to post-academic science, the knowledge production model and knowledge function have evolved and expanded, the epistemological value of scientific norms have also changed. Merton science norms consist of universalism, Communism, disinterestedness and organized skepticism has been challenged in post-academic science. Post-academic science has close relationship with society and external environment, it needs to examine the applicability of scientific norms with naturalistic perspective, and constrain and motivate the behavior of researchers through monitoring mechanisms, and gra dually create research environment that encourage fair competition and ensure the integrity of research.