设计是什么？教学设计视域下的思量

What is Design? An Examination from the Perspective of Instructional Design

本文通过对大量教学设计领域的重要文献的分析，探究"设计"在该领域中的本质与内涵，并对设计中的理性与创造性进行了思辨性的思考。本研究首先对设计的定义进行回顾和分析，并把教学设计中设计重心的演化分为微观设计、宏观设计和设计文化三个阶段；然后对设计的特征进行了分析，确认了理性与创造性是设计的基模；最后，笔者认为，设计是理性与创造性的对立统一，成功的设计取决于创造的张力与理性的包容力之间的平衡，并在此基础上构建了教学设计视野下的理性与创造性的耦合模型。

This paper explores the nature of design in the field of instructional design through a review of seminal literatures. The research starts with a retrospection of the definitions of design. It then classifies the evolution of design in the ID field as three stages, micro design, macro design, and design culture. In addition, this paper proposes that design is the unity of opposites on rationality and creativity, and that successful design depends on the balance between the tolerant space of rationality and the tension of creativity. The author propses the Coupling Model of Rationality and Creativity from the perspective of instructional design.