开放教育与高等职业教育的对冲——大众化高等教育背景下开放大学的制度设计

The "Hedge" between Open Education and Higher Vocational Education:Institutional Design of Open University in the Context of Mass Higher Education

本文中的"对冲"(hedge)不再是一个普通的金融概念，它是一种哲学方法和工作机制：当一种政策制定后，应当考虑其他未被调整的社会关系是否用一种对冲的政策去引导解决，以减低风险，保持社会的稳定。高等职业教育是我国大众化高等教育领域的重要组成部分，然而它偏重的是高等教育对经济发展的适应性，社会需求成为第一要素；按照对冲理论，还应当有一种与之互补的教育形式，目的是服务于人的发展，满足受教育者个人的愿望。因此，本文按照这一机制去设计开放大学的定位，从办学的逻辑起点、功能定位、教学组织等15个方面对对冲的两极进行了比较，从而形成了开放教育独特的内涵存在。

The term "hedge" is no longer a common financial concept, but a philosophical approach and working mechanism. As a policy is made, it should take into account whether the other social relations unadjusted should be guided and settled in a hedge policy, so as to reduce the risks and to maintain social stability. Higher vocational education is an important part of mass higher education in China, but it focuses on the adaptability of higher education to economic development. Societal needs, therefore, become the primary influential factor. By the hedging theory, there needs to be another form of education, which complements the current system, aims to serve human development, and to meet the aspirations of the educated individuals. This article proposes the design of Open University from this mechanism, and compares the two-stage of hedge from 15 aspects: the underlying logic for establishing a university, identification of its function, and the organization of teaching. All these will help to discover the uniqueness of open education.