论学分银行建设与自学考试制度转型

Construction of National Credit Bank System and the Transformation of Higher Education Examinations for Self-directed Learning

自《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010－2020年)》颁布以来，加快发展继续教育、构建终身学习体系已经成为社会的普遍共识，而连通各类教育形式的终身教育学分银行制度也随之成为社会广泛关注的热点课题。值得注意的是，日前上海终身教育学分银行已经上线试运行，国内其他城市、高校乃至民营机构也都在积极开展学分银行的实践探索，广播电视大学更是将学分银行列为其建设开放大学的主要内容之一。然一哄而起、跑马圈地式的发展态势，又将使学分银行制度的建设陷入无序与盲目发展的困境。因此，本文认为要做到公正、公平和具有公信力，学分银行的建设就必须满足三个基本原则和条件，即必须得到教育部及其他相关部门的授权、以第三方的身份独立履行运行的职责，以及必须具备运作的资质和社会公信力。而目前最具成熟条件的则当数教育部自学考试办公室。为了更加审慎地承担起建设与运作学分银行的重任，并避免在条件不成熟状况下的误打与误撞，本文就新形势下学分银行的建设及自学考试制度改革与转型，提出了若干建议。

Since " the National Outline for Medium and Long -term Educational Reform and Development(2010-2020)" was issued, speeding up the development of continuing education and the construction of national life-long learning system has become a social common. The credit bank system, through which we can connect all kinds of education, has also become a widespread hot topic. Noteworthily, the Shanghai life-long education credit bank system began its test run on-line a few days ago. Meanwhile, other cities, universities and even some private organizations are also actively exploring credit bank system construction. Radio and television universities even took the construction as their main job to facilitate their transformation to open universities. However, rush actions can lead to misalignment among the systems. We believe that the construction must satisfy three basic principles and conditions: 1) must be authorized by the Ministry of Education or other relevant departments, 2) must fulfill the duty independently as the third party's identity, and 3) must possess qualification and social credibility. Thus the ministry of education's examination office becomes the best one to fulfill the construction of credit bank system. We propose some concrete and relevant suggestions for the credit bank system construction and the examination system reform for self-directed learning.