美国网络教师的培养及启示

The Training of Online Teachers in America and Its Inspirations

美国将网络教育视作促进教育改革、提升教育质量的重要途径，并认为网络教育对教师的专业素养有新的要求，因此十分重视对网络教师的培养。本文从宏观背景、资源建设、实践平台、质量保障四方面分析了美国对网络教师的培养。文章首先介绍了美国《国家技术教育规划》的沿革，并以此作为美国网络教师培养的宏观背景；其次，分析了美国多元与系统的网络教师培养课程及丰富的学习资源；再次；介绍了作为美国网络教师实践平台的虚拟学校的现状；最后，梳理了作为教师质量保障的专业素养标准与系统支持。文章最后探讨了美国网络教师培养对我国的启示，包括把握网络教育的本质、重视网络教师的培养；明确网络教师的专业素养要求并据此系统设计培养课程；重视网络教师的自主发展并支持经验共享。

Online education has been considered as an indispensable approach to educational innovation and the improvement of education quality in the US. Correspondingly special professional literacy of teachers is required for online education and training online teachers has become increasingly important. This study analyzes the measurements for the training of online teachers in America from four aspects as following: 1) the background:the evolution of American "National Educational Technology Plan"; 2) the resources:systematic and various training courses; 3) practice platform:pervasive virtual schools, and 4) quality assurance: professional literacy standards and systematic support. Suggestions for the preparationy of online teachers in China are proposed, including getting a deep understanding of the nature of online education and highlighting the cultivation of online teachers; identifying online teachers' professional literacy requirements and its instruction for the design of training courses; valuing the importance of online teachers' self-regulated professional development and promoting experience sharing among online teachers.