美国联邦政府基础教育改革的重大调整——《不让一个孩子落伍法〉〉之豁免政策探析

The Significant Adjustment of American Basic Education Reform-----Probe into Waiver of NCLB

奥巴马政府2011年启动的《不让一个孩子落伍法》豁免计划要求各州实行以“为升学和就业做准备”的教育目标，创建奖励学业成功和促进学业提升的州及学区责任制体系，建立高效的教学和管理支持系统，减少学区和学校重复工作。以此为条件来豁免NCLB法中某些繁重的要求。美国联邦政府的豁免计划不仅仅是让学校摆脱原有不合理法令条款的约束，更重要的是要依据联邦政府新制定的改革原则来引领和规范美国的基础教育改革的进一步发展。

The Obama administration launched his plan， “Waiver of No Child Left Behind Act”，in 2011. It enables states and districts to be released from some of NCLB，s most onerous requirements by adopting college-and career-ready standards， creating state-defined accountability systems that reward success and promote improvement， strengthening teacher and principal practice through evaluation systems，and reducing duplication and administration burden placed on districts and schools. This policy not only provides an opportunity for schools to get rid of the unreasonable constraints of NCLB， but more importantly， to anticipate and enhance further development of K-12 education reforms based on the new principles that federal government set for NCLB waivers.