應用失效模式與效應分析於學校宿舍設備管理維護之探討

The Study of Applying Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Approach to the Management and Maintenance of the University Dormitory

學校宿舍所提供的服務品質會影響到學生對學校宿舍的滿意度，亦會間接地影響到其對該校的滿意度，甚至是日後繼續在該校升學的意願。許多文獻指出住宿生對於「宿舍設備管理維護」相當重視，但對學校宿舍管理單位現行的作法普遍感到不滿意。探究住宿生為何不滿意宿舍設備管理維護的原因，又與現行宿舍設備管理維護制度息息相關。本研究以高師大學生宿舍為例，從住宿生居住便利性的角度切入探討，根據失效模式及效應分析(FMEA)的實施步驟，將每種設備失效發生的頻率，嚴重程度與偵測度等資訊納入考量，計算每一項宿舍設備失效之風險係數，並透過ABC 分類法，把設備失效之風險係數由高到低給予分類，然後分別針對這三類設備提出不同程度的管理維護建議。透過有系統的方式，改善現行宿舍設備管理維護制度的一些缺失，俾能有更完善的制度來達成住宿生對宿舍設備維護的需求。

The university dormitory is comparable to the second home of the boarders and plays an extremely important part in their university environment. Therefore， the service quality provided by the university dormitory has an effect on the dormitory satisfaction， and even the boarders’ willingness to stay on for further study. Many references indicated that the boarders paid considerable attention to the management and maintenance of university dormitory， but they were dissatisfied with the present system.The objectives of this study， citing National Kaohsiung Normal University as an example， are to explore why boarders are dissatisfied with the management and maintenance of dormitory equipment from a housing convenience prospective. Based on the implementation process of Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)， failures of dormitory equipment are prioritized according to how serious their consequences are， how frequently they occur and how easily they can be detected. Then the Risk Priority Number (RPN) can be easily calculated by multiplying these three numbers: RPN=S×O×D. With the ABC-Classification method， making RPN from high to low and give these three classifications different suggestions as to the management and maintenance of the university dormitory. Based on the analysis and discussion of the results， the suggestions are provided for the references the manager of the university dormitory to help improve the present maintenance system and meet the boarders’ demand.