听觉障碍学生学习适应性的调查研究

An Investigation on the Learning Adaptability of Students with Hearing Impairments

本研究采用《学习适应性测验》对242名初一——高三年级听觉障碍学生的学习适应性进行调查研究。结果表明:(1)听障学生的总体学习适应性普遍处于中等或中等以下水平,在学习态度、学习技术、学习环境和心身健康四个方面都有相当比例的学生表现出不同程度的学习适应不良;(2)听障学生的学习适应性表现出随年级增长先降低后提高的发展趋势,在初三降至最低点后逐渐提高;(3)听障学生的学习适应性存在显著的性别差异,女生的总体学习适应性和学习态度、学习技术、学习环境和心身健康四个方面的学习适应性都极其显著地高于男生;(4)在学习方式认知型上,听障学生绝大多数属于冲动型。在学习方式记忆型上,听障学生多数属于中间型和视觉型;(5)超过半数的听障学生对学习成绩的原因归属属于内控型,超过三分之一的听障学生对学习成绩的原因归属属于外控型;(6)听障学生的家庭学习时间明显要低于普通学生的参照标准。本研究显示,听障学生的学习适应性具有明显的特殊性,实践工作者应该采取相应策略满足其特殊需要。

With subjects of 242 students with hearing impairments from grade 7 to grade 12,this study investigated hearing impaired students' learning adaptability. The results indicated that:(1)The global learning adaptability of hearing impaired students was universally medium or under medium level. Quite a few students with hearing impairments were diversely maladaptive in the domain of learning attitude, learning technology, learning environment and mental and physical health.;(2)There existed significant grade difference in hearing impaired students' learning adaptability. Their learning adaptability put up the trend to recede first and then rise with the increasing of grade.;(3)There also existed significant gender difference in learning adaptability of students with hearing impairments. Females' global and four individual levels of learning adaptability were significantly higher than those of males;(4)Hearing impaired students' cognitive style model were mostly impulsive model. Their memory model were mostly visual model or in-between model;(5)More than half students with hearing impairments attributed their academic achievements to inner-directed reason. More than one third students with hearing impairments attributed their academic achievements to outer-directed reason;(6) Hearing impaired students' learning time at home was less than that of normal students. Practitioners should take into account hearing impaired students' learning adaptability characteristics while giving instructions to this kind of students.