“文章”“选文”与“课文”辨析——兼论“教课文”与“教语文”问题

"Article", "Selected Text" and "Text" Discrimination: On the "Teaching Text" and "Teaching Mother-language"

"文章"、"选文"与"课文"是几个有联系又有区别的概念。古代社会,教育科学化程度有限,从一般的"文章"中,遴选文质兼美的一部分作为"教育内容",一开始虽也有"教育"的考虑,但多从文章学角度出发。随着现代社会发展,尤其是现代教育的发展,中小学语文教科书编写,其文章选择标准,从一般的"文章学"标准逐渐向"教育学"标准演变。伴随着现代儿童心理学、学习理论与教育学研究的不断深入,也由于语文科课程实践与研究本身不断完善,用作学校语文教育的"选文"又不断朝着现代教育学意义的"课文"演变。在这一背景下,用"教课文"来概括"把课文的内容当作教学的主要目标"是难以成立的。

"article", "selected text" and "text" are some concepts which have a few connections and differences. In ancient society, education scientific degree was limited. They used to select from the general "articles" as "educational content". At the beginning, "education" was also considered, but "article" was more important. With the development of modern society, especially the development of modern education, the criteria of writing primary and secondary school language textbooks and selecting articles gradually changes from the standard of "article" to "education". Along with the deepening of modern child psychology, learning theory and pedagogy research, as well as the improvement of the practice and research of mother-language curriculum, "selected text", which is used to teach mother-language in schools constantly evolves into "text", which owns the modern pedagogy significance. In this context, it is untenable to use "teach the text" to summarize "the main teaching goal of teaching is to teach the contents of the text".