PISA的教育测量技术在高考中的应用前景初探

The Potential Application of PISA s Measurement Techniques in the College Entrance Examinations in China

PISA作为三年一轮针对15岁学生群体的国际评价项目已为中国教育界熟悉，其工具构造和数据分析体现了目前国际上教育测量理论和技术的最高水平。本文从教育测量专业角度归纳了PISA通过试卷矩阵设计保证考查内容覆盖广泛、利用Rasch模型打造客观等距量尺、结合考生背景解释和分析测试结果等主要技术特征，并模拟分析了我国高考在相应环节的技术缺陷，展望了将这些技术移植到高考中，以达到创新考试形式，防范高考结果被滥用和误用的可能。在某省高考中试点后的结果表明，上述技术的应用使高考不只用于选拔分流，还能对评价教育质量、改进教育管理、促进教学改革发挥重要的作用。

PISA ( Programme for International Student Assessment ) is currently well known in a triennial survey of knowledge and skills among 15-year-olds in China. PISA approach utilizes leading theories and techniques of measurement and assessment. This article summarizes the measurement features of PISA such as Matrix Block Design to cove more test areas， the utilization of Rasch theory to transform the results from ordinal ranking into objective scale， the collection and consideration of background information of examinees etc. From the perspectives of educational measurement， this article also analyzes the weaknesses of the College Entrance Examinations in China ( commonly referred to as “Gaokao” ). PISA’s measurement techniques can be potentially highly transferrable to diversify Gaokao format and prevent misuse/abuse of the test scores for evaluating teachers and schools performances. Findings are based on a provincial pilot study. By implementing technical modifications mentioned above， Gaokao can play an important role in not only selecting and tracking students， but also evaluating education quality， improving education administration， and improving educational reforms.