美国新保守主义公共教育议程的社会意识形态基础分析

Analysis on the Social Ideological Base of Neoconservative Public Educational Policy in America

满足社会需求是实现社会生产的充分必要条件。教育政策的生产也是如此。只有产生了社会需求与政治需求，才有教育政策生产的充分性与必要性。20世纪60、70年代美国的三大社会运动——黑人权利运动、人本主义教育运动和新效能运动，为20世纪80年代新保守主义的复兴及其教育议程的形成铺垫了必要的社会需求，形成了新保守主义的公共教育议程，即构建以＂核心知识＂与\＂共同文化＂为基础的＂全国课程＂;实现公共学校中的权力制衡;恢复公共学校中的祈祷制度。这赋予美国公共教育全新的品性——\＂常识＂领域的集权与＂制度＂领域的放权，对美国教育产生了自公共学校运动以来最为重要的影响。

Satisfying the social needs is the sufficient and necessary condition for the social production. So does the production of the educational policy. Only if there is a social need or political need， an education policy will be produced. Three social movements including black power movement， humanistic education movement， and the accountability movement in the 1960s and the 1970s， produced the sufficient and necessary conditions for the conservative modernization and the formation of its educational policy. That was the national curriculum based on core knowledge and common culture， the balance of centralization and decentralization in the public schools， and the recovery of prayer in public schools.