学校的双重角色：科层理性组织和制度化组织

The Dual Roles of Schools: Hierarchical Organization and Institutional Organizations

学校既是科层组织同时又是制度化组织。在现实实践层面，作为科层组织的学校遵循科层制的规则，在行为时追求效率最大化，也就是追求人才培养的效率最大化。作为制度化组织的学校遵循制度化组织的规则，其行为的特点是追求生存的合法性，在现实中集中表现为博取舆论赞誉，获取外界承认，确保学校在大环境下生存和发展的合法性。正是学校同时具有的这两重性质，导致学校行为方面的某些自相矛盾。

School is a hierarchical organization and at the same time， an institutional organization. In practice， as a hierarchical organization， the schools follow the bureaucratic organization rules， which pursuits the goal of maximizing efficiency. The schools are the maximization of talents training efficiency. As an institutional organization， schools follow the institutional organization rules， and their goals are to pursue the survival legitimacy. In reality focuses on obtaining good reputation and the praise from out side， guarantee the legitimacy of survival and development in the society. It is this duality that leads school sometimes has paradoxical behaviors.