巴西农村校车政策与教育机会均等

Rural School-Transportation Policy and Access to Education in Developing Countries-Experience from Brazil

发展中国家的农村学生在入学机会、享受教育资源等方面面临着不同程度的机会不均等问题。究其原因，除了社会经济地位不利之外，上学交通不便也是阻碍教育机会均等的重要现实因素。那么，如何发挥政府的责任，为农村学生提供校车服务，成为各国发展义务教育的重要议题。作为发展中国家，巴西政府于20 世纪90 年代实施的农村校车供给政策，为农村儿童提供了便利的入学途径，有效地促进了教育机会均等。

There are still some barriers for rural children in developing countries to get equally access to education. When looking at the reasons behind， socioeconomic disadvantages plus the obstacles of schooling transportation are the main factors. As to who should take charge of providing free school bus for poor rural children， many developing countries shifted their focus onto the governments' responsibility. Taking Brazil as an example， rural school- transportation plan was conducted in 1990's in Brazil， which played a very important role in improving the access to education in remote rural areas.