义务教育阶段学校规模变化分析与思考 ─ 以宁夏回族自治区为例

The Analysis and Thinking of School Size Change in Compulsory Education : Taking the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region as an Example

为了解义务教育阶段学校规模与效益的情况，通过文献资料和调查研究发现：其一，从2005年到2010年，全国城市中小学、县镇口小学的在校生人数逐年增加，农村中小学在校生人数逐年减少。其二，同2009年相比，2010年西部地区初中阶段的超大班额比例、小学阶段的大班额比例均有所下降，而宁夏中小学的超大班额和大班额比例却有所提高，且高于西部地区超大班额和大班额的平均比例。合理的办学规模是保证较高办学效益的前提，学校规模布局的调整应以促进学生全面发展为目标，合理分配教育资源为前提，方便学生入学为重点；采取提高领导和教师的认识，强化区、市、县级统筹规划工作，完善学校管理体制，合理规划学校规模与班级人数，建立动态的学校规模机制等措施。

The authors referred to extant literature and conducted a survey to understand the school size and effectiveness in compulsory education.It is found that: first，from 2005 to 2010，at the national level，in some western provinces including Ningxia，the number of students in primary and middle schools in counties，towns and cities increased annually;while that in the rural areas decreased;second，compared with 2009，in 2010，the proportion of super large classes in middle schools and that of large classes in primary schools in western region decreased，while the proportion of super large and large classes in the primary and middle schools in Ningxia increased and it was higher than the average proportion of super large and large classes in the western region.To maintain a proper school size is the precondition to ensure the school effectiveness.School size adjustment should target the overall development of students，base on appropriate allocation of educational resources and focus on the students’ convenient access to schools.The authors further suggested some measures to achieve a proper school size adjustment，such as to improve the understanding of leaders and teachers，to strengthen the overall planning at the regional，city，county and town levels，to improve the school management system，to plan school size and class size in a rational way，and to build a dynamic mechanism of school size.