科学课程中的辉格史批判

Critique of Whig History in the Science Curriculum

科学史融入科学课程对提升学生的科学素养有重要的意义。科学史的本源价值是其元认知价值——展现科学的本质和科学技术与社会的关系。辉格式科学史给学生呈现出一副歪曲的科学发展图景，不利于学生理解科学的本质以及科学技术与社会的关系。其产生的根本原因是教育者价值观的错位，即教育哲学中的知识中心主义、科学哲学中的素朴经验论和历史哲学中的移时史观;直接原因在于科学家的一些＂不当行为＂与科学教育工作者对科学、科学家所持的刻板印象相冲突，他们按自己的刻板印象去重塑科学史。科学课程应变辉格式科学史为真实的科学发展历程。

The history of science integrated into the science curriculum plays an important role in promoting students scientific literacy. The internal value of the history of science is to show the NOS and the relation between STS. A distort picture is shown in the whig history of science， which is not conducive to the students to understand NOS and the relation between STS. The fundamental reasons which result in the appearance of whig history in the science curriculum are the knowledge-centered doctrine in the philosophy of education， the naïve empiricism in the philosophy of science and the anachronical view in the philosophy of history. The direct reason is the conflict between some scientists' ＂improper behavior＂ and the stereotype of science and scientists held by science educators who rewrite the history of science according to their stereotypes. Science curriculum should show the real history of science.