高等教育与收入公平间“马太效应”的统计分析——基于美国数据的实证研究杨

Statistical Analysis of the Matthew Effect between Higher Education Inequality and Income Inequality —— An Empirical Study of the Case in U.S.

本文选择美国的长期历史数据，基于人力资本理论的衍生模型，分析了收入不平等与高等教育入学机会不平等间的统计关系。研究发现：高等教育入学机会的公平性是影响收入分配差距的重要原因，其间呈现出让“贫穷者更贫穷、富有者更富有”的“马太效应”，这对于改变收入分配格局、使其向更为公平的方向发展非常不利，尤其在经济危机来临时效应更为显著。这对正处于收入分配差距逐渐拉大、高等教育迈入大众化阶段的我国来说更应引起重视，必须采取措施以破解这种“马太效应”，以维护社会和经济的稳定发展。

Using derivative model of human capital theory， the paper conducts a statistical study on the Matthew Effect between higher education inequality and income inequality， based on the U.S. data. The research shows that the equality of the higher education entrance opportunity is a key factor to affect income distribution， and there exists a Matthew Effect. This effect seriously impedes the fairness of income distribution， especially during the economic crisis period. The research will help to understand the underlying risk behind asset polarization and mass higher education， and provide concrete reference for China.