“三年级现象”透视——中高年级小学生道德素质的实证研究

Grade 3 Phenomenon Perspective : An Empirical Research of the Moral Qualities of Medium and High Grade Pupils

我们运用专门研制的《三至六年级小学生道德素质调查问卷》对某市近千名小学生进行调查,统计结果显示:在个人道德心理品质、个人与他人的关系、个人与集体的关系、个人与社会的关系四个维度上,三年级学生单项得分和整体得分均为最高;然而,随着学生年级的升高,其得分却逐渐降低。导致这一"反常"现象的原因可能是现有德育课程教学的局限,以及学生品德发展的年龄特征。为此,学校教育要改革德育课程,注重价值引导,发展学生的道德判断能力,淡化功利性的教育行为。

Using specially developed three to six graders and moral qualities questionnaire survey of a city of nearly a thousand pupils， we utilized self-designed “Grade 3-6 Pupils Moral Quality Questionnaire “ to carry on the investigation with nearly 1000 pupils in one city. The statistical results showed that on the four dimensions of the quality of personal moral psychology， the relationship between individuals and others， the relationship between the individual and collective， the relationship between individual and society， grade 3 pupils individual scored the highest both in the individuals and overall results. However， its score decreased with the increasing of grades. This “anomalous” phenomenon may be due to the limitations of existing moral educational courses， emphasis value guidance， develop student’s moral judgment ability， and desalinate the utilitarian education behavior.