贫困农村地区小学教育普及情况分析——以云南省为例

Has China Achieved Universal Primary Education in Poor Rural Areas? A Case from Yunnan Province

本文基于云南省六个国家级贫困县2006年和2010年的调查数据，以小学净入学率和小学完成率为指标分析了贫困农村地区小学教育的普及情况，并分析了影响儿童受教育状况的因素。研究发现在2010年，若以七岁或八岁作为入学年龄，那么这些地区可以说基本普及了小学教育；但若以六岁作为入学年龄，则远未实现普及小学教育。同时，女童与男童的受教育状况不存在差异，但处境不利的儿童（如少数民族、身体状况欠佳、以及家庭收入水平较低的儿童）在接受和完成小学教育方面仍然面临障碍，学校距离的远近也是影响儿童入学的重要因素。

Using the data from six national poverty countries in 2006 and 2010 in Yunnan province， this paper analyzes the implementation of primary compulsory education in poor rural areas and the factors which have impacts on the enrolment and completion rates. The study shows that in 2010， universal primary schooling has basically achieved for the age cohort of 7-13 years old， but not for the age cohort of 6-11 years old. At same time， gender is no longer a factor impacting primary schooling anymore. However， those groups， such as the children of minority groups， with poor health situation and from the families with low income， are still facing difficulties in accessing and finishing primary schooling. The distance between school and home is also an important factor in primary schooling access and completion.