民办学前教育规模占比的省际差异、政府财政投入与管制

Variations of Proportion of Private Enrollments%2C Public Spending and Regulations in Pre-school Education cross Provinces in China

本文使用2001-2008年全国31个省市自治区学前教育事业发展时间序列数据和2008年截面数据刻画我国民办学前教育发展的省际差异，并通过多元回归方法分析民办学前教育规模占比与地方政府财政投入、管制措施之间的关系。在控制经济和其它社会发展因素的情况下，研究发现:(1)地方政府对学前教育的重视程度(以财政性学前教育经费占财政性教育经费的比例来测量)以及对学前教育的财政投入努力程度(以幼儿园生均预算内经费支出在人均财政支出的占比来测量)均与民办学前教育发展规模占比存在显著负相关关系;(2)对民办幼儿园的管制措施(注册登记、收费管理及综合整治＂黑园＂等)显著影响民办幼儿园的规模占比。这些发现证实我国民办学前教育的省际差异与地方政府对学前教育财政投入努力程度有关，也与地方政府对民办幼儿园的管制措施有关。如何通过财政投入和管制扶持措施调整民办与公办学前教育机构协同提供数量足够且有质量的学前教育服务是我国各级政府面临的严峻挑战。

This paper presents the variations in private provision of preschool education in China， using a panel data of 31 provinces from 2001 to 2008.Employing OLS multiple regression， it analyzes the associations between the relative percentages of private provision， pubic funding and regulations in preschool education. When controlling GDP per capita， and other social economic and development variables， the results suggest a negative association between the percentage of private enrollments and the proportion of public spending for the pre-primary education in total education spending. Similarly， a negative association is found between proportions of private enrollments and whether regulations regarding standards for setting up private preschools/kindergartens are enforced and actions are taken to shut down those private providers without license. All these findings seem to point out that a relative high proportion of private preschool enrollments has to do with limited public spending in the preschool sectors and related restrict regulations. Therefore， it is a serious challenge for the government to help provide sufficient access to quality preschool education using mixed public and private provision of early childhood education services in China.