本研究以「對日抗戰真相特展」的戰畫為研究焦點，探討戰畫在歷史記憶、藝術表達與政治詮釋中的多重角色。研究旨在分析戰畫如何作為歷史事件的視覺再現，以及其在歷史敘事與國族認同建構中的功能。研究方法採質性取向，結合文本分析、圖像詮釋與畫家訪談資料，檢視作品的創作過程、敘事策略與社會文化意涵。研究結果顯示，「對日抗戰真相特展」的戰畫以嚴謹的史實考證為敘事基礎，透過對服裝、武器及場景的精確再現，以達還原真相。這種細節導向的創作策略，不僅體現對歷史真實性的重視，也反映委託方對歷史詮釋方向的指導與期待。訪談資料指出，委託方在創作過程中曾對畫面提出修訂建議，如弱化血腥場景、強化悲壯感，以塑造符合國軍精神典範的英雄形象，呈現歷史再現與政治、文化價值之間的協調過程。此外，本研究發現戰畫在抗戰七十週年背景下具有明顯的「回溯性」特質。作品透過藝術媒介，將可能被遺忘或扭曲的歷史重新置於公共視野，連結當代臺灣與戰前中華民國的歷史正統性，維護其在東亞二戰歷史中的敘事地位與象徵影響。整體而言，戰畫不僅作為歷史記錄與教育媒介，更兼具文化傳承與集體記憶建構功能，展現藝術在歷史意識形成及國族認同塑造中的重要作用，並提醒後世關注歷史真實性與藝術表現間的平衡。

This study focuses on the war paintings featured in the Exhibition on the Truth of the War of Resistance Against Japan, exploring their multifaceted roles in historical memory, artistic expression, and political interpretation. The research aims to analyze how war paintings function as visual representations of historical events, as well as their contribution to historical narratives and the construction of national identity. Employing a qualitative approach, the study integrates textual analysis, visual interpretation, and interviews with the artists to examine the creative process, narrative strategies, and sociocultural implications of the works. The findings reveal that the war paintings in the Exhibition on the Truth of the War of Resistance Against Japan are grounded in rigorous historical verification. Through the precise depiction of clothing, weaponry, and settings, these works seek to reconstruct historical truth. This detail-oriented creative strategy not only reflects the artists’ commitment to historical authenticity but also demonstrates the influence and expectations of the commissioning institution regarding the interpretation of history. Interview data indicate that during the creative process, the commissioning party suggested revisions—such as softening scenes of violence and enhancing the sense of heroism—to shape heroic images consistent with the ideals of the National Army. These interventions highlight the negotiation between historical representation and the political-cultural values embedded in artistic creation. Furthermore, the study finds that these war paintings exhibit a distinct retrospective quality in the context of the seventieth anniversary of the War of Resistance. Through artistic mediation, the works bring forgotten or distorted histories back into public view, linking contemporary Taiwan with the prewar Republic of China’s historical legitimacy. In doing so, they reaffirm the nation’s narrative position and symbolic influence within the broader history of World War II in East Asia. Overall, the study argues that war paintings function not only as historical records and educational media but also as instruments of cultural heritage and collective memory. They exemplify the vital role of art in shaping historical consciousness and national identity, while reminding future generations to maintain a delicate balance between historical authenticity and artistic expression.