性別角色刻板印象在托育工作勝任與工作意願的角色與影響之探討

The Role and Impact of Gender-Role Stereotypes on Competence and Willingness in Childcare Work

本研究旨在探討性別角色刻板印象如何影響托育人員之托育工作勝任感與工作意願。

採質性研究設計，以焦點團體訪談為主要資料蒐集方法，並運用主題分析法進行資料詮釋。

研究採立意取樣，共邀請9位男性托育人員分三組進行半結構式訪談，經資料品質評估後，最終納入6位研究參與者之完整訪談資料。

研究結果顯示，首先，男性托育人員的過往經驗與個人背景不僅形塑其投入托育工作的動機，也決定其在托育工作中所面臨的工作概況與挑戰；其次，性別角色刻板印象對不同性別托育人員的工作分配具有深刻影響，社會大眾及幼兒主要照顧者普遍將女性定位為主要照顧者，並認為女性特質較適合托育，進而影響男性在工作中所扮演的輔助角色；最後，這些性別角色刻板印象顯著而左右男性托育人員的角色認同、托育狀態與專業表現，進而影響其工作勝任感與長期留任意願。該發現不僅提供了性別與托育工作交互作用的新視角，也可作為未來的托育政策與在職訓練所設計之參考依據。

 

This study aims to explore how gender-role stereotypes impact childcare caregivers’ perceived competence and willingness to remain in caregiving roles.

Utilizing a qualitative research design, data were collected through focus group interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.

A purposive sampling strategy was employed, and nine male childcare caregivers were invited to participate in three semi-structured focus group sessions.

After evaluating data quality, complete interview data from six participants were included in the final analysis.

Findings revealed three key themes.

First, male childcare caregivers’ prior experiences and personal backgrounds not only shaped their motivation to enter the childcare profession but also influenced the challenges and role expectations they encountered.

Second, gender-role stereotypes deeply affected task assignments within childcare settings.

Both the general public and primary caregivers tended to position women as the natural caregivers, perceiving feminine traits as more congruent with nurturing responsibilities, which relegated male caregivers to supportive roles.

Finally, internalized gender-role stereotypes significantly shaped male childcare caregivers’ professional identity, caregiving roles, and perceived efficacy, ultimately influencing their occupational competence and long-term retention intention.

These findings offer a novel perspective on the intersection of gender and caregiving professions and can inform future childcare policy development and in-service training design.